Assuming you are starting with a 22" sporter barrel I would look at trimming to 18 or 19 inches from the back of the chamber and see what diameter you get. It may be enough to go 5/8-24, don't have a sporter handy to measure myself. A .050 radial shoulder would do well enough I would think. Again people have different opinions and preferences and in this situation if you are going to error, error on the side of more wall thickness and more shoulder with wall thickness being preferable. As far as the shorter barrel for performance (in case that is a concern), I had trimmed down a 30-06 sporter down to 16in some years ago mostly to practice cutting crowns and testing out a jig I made for holding tapered barrels in a lathe. Accuracy improved slightly and if memory serves I only lost about 150fps tops. Still above 308 Win level and was a handy little length. Come to think of it I may still have it in the cabinet. If I do I'll take a measurement of that muzzle diameter for reference. I believe it was an older barrel and I think it had a skinnier profile that the more modern sporter barrels made in the last 20 years of so. I'll check and report back if I do still have it.
EDIT: Ok so it looks like I did have it, and I had it trimmed to 16.5 inches and the muzzle measures .640"
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