You are describing two issues. If your bullet is hanging up in the rifling then the suspect is a short throated chamber or a chamber designed for lighter bullets. Try some 55 grain loads if the loads giving you trouble are heavier. Can you tell us what weight bullets are hanging in the bore?

The second one may or may not be connected. If the bullet is getting stuck in the bore then firing one of those same loads could be causing over-pressure making extraction difficult. Again reduce the weight of bullet and test.

If you look at the rim of the case that you had to knock out of the chamber there will be/should be a spot where the extractor damaged the rim. Make sure you do not have some crud under the extractor in the detent ball and spring. Keeping that clean is a good habit. It should move freely. If you decide to take it apart either keep your thumb over the area or take it apart in a bag so you don't loose parts.