I'm no expert, but in my understanding, .223 sized cases (anything based on the .222 RM, so .204, .223 etc) would feed from the same sized mag, .308 sized cases such as the 22-250, 243, 6mm etc would work with a .308 sized mag, and 30-06 sized cases such as .270 WIN, 25-06 etc would work from the same sized mag.
You are correct on the length issue, short action mags are designed for short action calibres and long action for long action.
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