I broke this down just to speak to the different observations for you.
1 - Hard to say, but *sounds* like you have a minimum amount of headspace. Did you really cinch down on the guage, or did the barrel turn-in when tightening the nut? That would shorten the headspace.
2 - That would be from VERY excessive pressures, or to much headspace, not too little.
3 - Again, this would be resulting from VERY excessive pressure, or excessive headspace. What you described was a minimum headspace, or slightly crushing the brass in the chamber. Other than VERY excessive pressure, brass and primers don't accurately tell you what pressures you are running; Velocities tell you that.
4 - Could be a tight chamber, or more likely is the barrel turned somewhat when you were tightening the nut. Try your gauges again, or FL size the brass and try to close the bolt on that empty sized brass. If the empty sized brass is fine, then you have some bad ammo. If the empty, sized brass has a little crush also; then you have a minimum headspace either from assembly or tight chamber.
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