I'm new to center fire rifles. I recently acquired a model 12 BVSS chambered in .308 (which BTW took quite the search to even find one). It's referred to as a short action. Just what exactly is the difference between a short action and a long action?

My other Savage is 93R17 that has been highly modified for 100yd benchrest. Shoots 1/4" groups with ME shootin' it!